Overview
Echo, lungs, IVC and JVP are procedurally drawn teaching schematics. Disease flags establish representative anatomy; pressure, volume, rhythm, respiration and interventions animate or modify it. Their appearance does not constitute an image-based diagnosis.
Echo volume is sampled from the same LV/RV PV model, once per beat and then interpolated at the current phase. This keeps the beating chamber, displayed forward stroke volume and cycle study linked without integrating a new independent heart each frame.
Echo anatomy and devices
Cavity/wall geometry reflects the selected dilated, hypertrophic, constrained, depleted, regurgitant or right-heart phenotype. Valve motion follows modeled cycle events. Pacing leads, Impella and selected valve prostheses/clips are drawn when applicable.
The image is not an ultrasound beam/propagation model. EF, wall motion, jet size and chamber dimensions are illustrative; no independent Doppler, speckle tracking or measured volume dataset is generated. Chronic anatomy need not immediately normalize after a successful intervention.
Lungs and devices
CXR edema/vascular appearance depends on the congestion proxy and selected pulmonary/cardiac phenotype. The acute MR example is right-predominant but still bilateral. Tension pneumothorax is a different geometry/air pattern rather than generic edema.
Respiratory animation follows the shared breath. Recruitment can reduce apparent opacity with PEEP without removing all lung fluid. Intubation, IABP, Impella and chest-drain graphics are schematic device representations, not placement verification or radiographic measurements.
IVC diameter and variation
The IVC model uses RAP minus the modeled PEEP pleural offset, with phenotype-related remodeling. It maps filling to small/normal/dilated categories and a bounded spontaneous-collapse fraction. Routine respiratory collapse is smaller than the explicit sniff response.
With positive-pressure support, it does not apply the spontaneous >50% sniff rule backwards. It uses a separate distension response, with diameter/variation modified by PEEP. This schematic cannot determine true RAP or fluid responsiveness in a ventilated patient.
JVP height and color
Estimated height above the sternal angle = max(0, RAP × 1.35951 − 5) cmH₂O. The five-centimeter offset and pressure-height conversion are explicit teaching assumptions. The vertical bar scales and changes color with modeled right-atrial loading.
The bar is a pressure-height illustration, not a full neck examination. Position, body habitus, right-atrial depth, venous obstruction, difficult visualization and external-pressure effects can invalidate a simple clinical height conversion.
References & further reading