CIRCULATION STUDIO FIELD GUIDE
Help & Wiki
Find an answer. Explore the physiology. Get back to teaching.
Interventions
Every drug, maneuver, device and electrical intervention.
Amiodarone · IV
Find Amiodarone · IV in Rate & rhythm. Multichannel antiarrhythmic with potassium-channel, sodium-channel, calcium-channel and antiadrenergic effects. Slows conduction and prolongs refractoriness.
Amyl nitrite
Find Amyl nitrite in Vasodilators. Rapid, short-acting inhaled nitrite vasodilator; reduces loading and may provoke reflex tachycardia and dynamic LVOT obstruction.
Aortic valve prosthesis
Find Aortic valve prosthesis in Experimental. Surgical replacement relieves native aortic stenosis or regurgitation. A small prosthetic outflow gradient remains; diastolic runoff decreases after AR correction.
Atropine
Find Atropine in Rate & rhythm. Muscarinic blockade reverses vagal sinus/AV-nodal slowing. In the vasovagal example, restored rate improves forward flow and BP; vasodilation may leave residual hypotension. Distal block is not corrected.
Chest tube
Find Chest tube in Procedures. Pleural air drainage relieves tension, improving venous return and forward flow. The model removes the pneumothorax while retaining coexisting disease.
Defibrillation
Find Defibrillation in Electricity. Unsynchronized electrical shock terminates shockable ventricular electrical activity. Successful electrical termination may or may not restore circulation.
Dexmedetomidine
Find Dexmedetomidine in Sedation. Central alpha-2 agonism reduces sympathetic output, often slowing HR and lowering BP. Initial peripheral vasoconstriction can raise BP during loading.
Digoxin
Find Digoxin in Rate & rhythm. Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase inhibition increases intracellular calcium; vagal effects slow AV-nodal conduction. Renally cleared with a narrow therapeutic index.
Dobutamine
Find Dobutamine in Inotropes. Predominant β₁ inotropy with some β₂ vasodilation; increases flow and may lower SVR.
Dopamine
Find Dopamine in Vasopressors. Dose-dependent dopaminergic, β₁ and α₁ effects; increases rate, contractility and vascular tone.
Ephedrine
Find Ephedrine in Vasopressors. Mixed sympathomimetic: releases norepinephrine and directly stimulates alpha/beta receptors, raising vascular tone, rate and contractility.
Epinephrine
Find Epinephrine in Vasopressors. α₁, β₁ and β₂ agonist: vasoconstriction, inotropy and bronchodilation.
Fentanyl
Find Fentanyl in Sedation. Mu-opioid agonism provides analgesia and suppresses respiratory drive. Vagal effects may slow HR; combined sedatives increase cardiovascular and respiratory depression.
Furosemide
Find Furosemide in Fluids & diuresis. Furosemide inhibits the Na-K-2Cl transporter in the thick ascending limb, producing natriuresis and diuresis.
Handgrip
Find Handgrip in Maneuvers. Isometric effort raises systemic vascular resistance and sympathetic drive. Increased afterload can enlarge fixed MR/AR or left-to-right VSD flow; dynamic LVOT obstruction usually decreases. MVP click timing and fixed MR intensity need not move together.