CIRCULATION STUDIO FIELD GUIDE
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Rhythms
All selectable rhythms and their modeled behavior.
Atrial Bigeminy
Every second P wave is premature and has a different morphology; conducted QRS remains narrow. Early filling is reduced and the reset pause is noncompensatory relative to the underlying sinus cycle.
Atrial Fibrillation
Irregular ventricular intervals and loss of organized a waves in RA and wedge. Beat strength varies.
Atrial Fibrillation + Complete Heart Block · Junctional Escape
Fibrillatory baseline without P waves or organized atrial contraction, with a regular narrow junctional escape. No ventricular irregularity from AF while conduction is completely blocked.
Atrial Fibrillation + Complete Heart Block · Ventricular Escape
Fibrillatory atrial activity without organized P waves, with a slow regular ventricular escape. This example uses a wide ventricular escape; junctional escapes may be narrow. Loss of atrial contraction and bradycardia reduce forward flow.
Atrial Flutter
Atrial activity is modeled at 300/min. Ventricular rate can slow with AV-nodal blockade without terminating flutter; variable conduction is schematic.
Atrial Paced · Ventricular Paced
Atrial stimulus and captured P wave, followed by ventricular stimulus and wide QRS. Sequential pacing preserves AV timing; reliable capture is assumed.
Atrial Sensed · Ventricular Paced
Sensed sinus P waves followed by ventricular pacing and broad captured QRS complexes. AV synchrony is retained, unlike ventricular-only pacing.
Atrial Tachycardia
Regular ectopic atrial activity with a distinct P-wave morphology preceding each narrow QRS. This preset uses 1:1 AV conduction.
Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia
Regular narrow-complex tachycardia with near-simultaneous retrograde atrial activation, a subtle terminal QRS deflection, and prominent atrial pressure waves.
Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia
Regular narrow-complex tachycardia with a retrograde P wave after the QRS. Antegrade AV nodal conduction gives a narrow QRS during this orthodromic preset.
Biventricular Pacing · Cardiac Resynchronization
AV-synchronous biventricular pacing with a representative narrower paced QRS. The dilated/ischemic cardiomyopathy preset assumes correctable dyssynchrony and modest acute benefit. Response is not universal and long-term remodeling is not modeled.
Complete Heart Block · Junctional Escape
Atria contract independently at 83 bpm. Intermittent cannon a waves occur when atrial contraction coincides with ventricular systole.
Complete Heart Block · Ventricular Escape
Slow regular wide ventricular escape with discordant repolarization. Independent sinus atria at 83 bpm can produce cannon a waves. This illustrative low-output preset adds impaired ventricular activation to the bradycardic flow reduction; blood pressure depends on the underlying circulation.
First-Degree Atrioventricular Block
All sinus impulses conduct with a prolonged PR interval. Marked AV delay may impair filling, especially with a stiff or failing ventricle.
High-Grade Atrioventricular Block
Three regular atrial depolarizations for each conducted QRS: two consecutive P waves are blocked. The rate control is ventricular; atrial rate is three times that value.